ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of compassion fatigue and occupational stress and job burnout in ambulance nurses. METHODS: By stratified cluster random sampling method,a total of 380 ambulance nurses from 5 cities in Henan Province were selected as objects,and 261 emergency nurses from the same hospital were selected as control. A assessment survey was performed using the Chinese version of Professional Quality of Life,the Maslach Burnout Inventory( MBI),and the Chinese Nursing Stressor Scale( NSS) which included the stressor related to working expectation( factor1),the stressor related to family( factor 2),the stressor related to interpersonal relationships( factor 3),the stressor related to job specification( factor 4),related to patients( factor 5),and to the working load( factor 6). RESULTS: The ambulance nurses had higher compassion fatigue scores than the emergency nurses( P < 0. 01). One-way analysis of variance showed that the ambulance nurses with length of service less than 3. 0 years had higher compassion fatigue scores than those with 3. 0 or more years and those with over 10. 0 years of service length( P < 0. 05). The compassion fatigue scores of general nurses were higher than those professional titled as senior nurses and nurse supervisors or above( P <0. 05). The correlation analysis showed that the compassion fatigue scores of ambulance nurse were positively correlated with the factor 2,3,4,5 and 6 of NSS scores and MBI scores [the correlation coefficients( r) were 0. 15,0. 28,0. 25,0. 34,0. 32 and 0. 36,P < 0. 05]. The MBI scores were positively correlated with all the 6 factors of NSS( r were 0. 31,0. 25,0. 36,0. 32,0. 37 and 0. 31,respectively,P < 0. 05). The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that the regression correlations among MBI score,NSS factor 5 score,interaction effect of MBI and NSS factor 5 and the compassion fatigue score were confirmed( the standardized partial regression coefficient were 0. 39,0. 24 and 0. 35,P <0. 05). The path analysis results showed that the MBI score had incomplete intermediate effect between NSS and compassion fatigue scores. CONCLUSION: Ambulance nurses have severe condition in compassion fatigue,the nurses with shorter length of service or lower titles have higher susceptibility,with collaborative influences of job burnout and occupational stress.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Overexpression of breast cancer-specific gene 1 (SNCG) is associated with poor prognosis in advanced breast cancer patients. This study aimed to determine the effects of SNCG knockdown in breast cancer cells by using small hairpin RNA (shRNA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four different SNCG shRNA oligonucleotides were designed and chemically synthesized to construct mammalian expression vectors. These vectors were then stably transfected into a breast cancer MCF-7 cell line to knockdown SNCG expression. After SNCG knockdown was confirmed, the stable cell lines were inoculated into nude mice. SNCG mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively in both the stable cell lines and xenografts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All four SNCG shRNA constructs significantly reduced SNCG mRNA and protein levels in MCF-7 cells, as compared to the unrelated sequence control shRNA and the liposome control mice (P < 0.05). SNCG-knockdown MCF-7 cells formed significantly smaller tumor masses than cells expressing the unrelated sequence control or the liposome control mice (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SNCG shRNA effectively suppressed breast cancer cell formation in vivo and may be a useful clinical strategy to control breast cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Breast Neoplasms , Genetics , Therapeutics , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Genetics , Immunohistochemistry , Mice, Nude , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , Physiology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays , gamma-Synuclein , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the inhibitory effects of siRNA targeting BCSG1 gene expression in tumor transplants of human breast cancer cell line in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four-pairs of small interfering RNA sequences of BCSG1 were chemically synthesized and inserted into the plasmid expression vectors, and were then transfected into human breast carcinoma cell line MCF7 by liposome method. Plasmid vector with unrelated sequence was used as the vector control. Cells transfected with 4 siRNA sequences, control vector and naive FCF7 cells were transplanted into the nude mice. The tumor inhibition was analysised. Immunohistochemical SP method and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were adopted to detect the BCSG1 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Breast tissue samples of human infiltrating ductal carcinoma, ductal hyperplasia and fibroadenoma were also used as the controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The inhibition rates of tumor growth in four BCSG1-siRNA transfected groups were remarkably higher than those of the vector control group and naive MCF7 cells (P<0.01). Compared with that of the vector control and naïve MCF7 cell group, there was a significant decrease of BCSG-1 protein expression in the four experimental groups by immuno-histochemistry staining (P<0.01). In addition, BCSG1 mRNA expression in the four groups transfected with BCSG1-siRNA were significantly less than that of the control vector group, naive MCF7 cell control group and human breast IDC (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BCSG1-siRNA down-regulates the expression of BCSG1 and inhibits effectively growth of the transplaned human breast cancer cell line in nude mice.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Breast Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Fibroadenoma , Metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Proteins , Genetics , Neoplasm Transplantation , RNA Interference , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , Random Allocation , Transfection , Tumor Burden , gamma-Synuclein , GeneticsABSTRACT
A new ionizing-radiation resistant strain WGR702 was isolated from arid soils which had been ra-diated. The strain WGR702 was Gram-positive and coccus, the diameter of the cell was 1.5 ?m～2.5?m.The strain WGR702 was pink-pigmented, motile, facultative anaerobe and non-spore forming. The range tem-perature and pH for strain WGR702 growth were 10℃～35℃ and pH 5.0～10.0 respectively. The strain WGR702 had a G+C content of 60.5 mol%. UV and gamma radiation survival curves showed the strain WGR702 had highly ionizing-radiation resistant. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequences (EU315117) showed 94.79%～98.53% similarities with other recognized Serratia species. Primary charac-teristics that distinguish isolate WGR702 from the species of genus Serratia include the cells are spherical and Gram-positive. Based on the phenotypic, biochemical and physiological characteristics differences it is proposed that the new isolated strain WGR702 might be classified as a novel species of Serratia.